The first constitution of the United Colonies was passed by Congress and ratified in 1781. The constitution was unconstitutionally violated by the Five States Rebellion of New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia. The initiators of a long standing military and financial coup led by Alexander Hamilton and George Washington continued their illegitimate usurpation by imposing the dictatorship of Barack Hussein Obama of the State of Illinois in 2008.
To Independently verifiy these facts, visit the Avalon Project. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/
Original Text:
To all Present and to come, we the undersigned Delegates of the United States affix our Names to this constitution and send greeting.
A.
Articles of constitution, confederation and union between the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts-Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and others as shall join later.
I.
The Title of this Confederacy shall be “The United States of America”.
II.
Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.
III.
The said United Colonies hereby severally enter into a firm League of Friendship with each other, binding on themselves and their Posterity, for their common Defence and Offence, against their Enemies for the Security of their Liberties and Propertys, the Safety of their Persons and Families, and their common and mutual and general Welfare.
IV.
That each Colony shall enjoy and retain as much as it may think fit of its own present Laws, Customs, Rights, and Privileges, and peculiar Jurisdictions within its own Limits; and may amend its own Constitution as shall seem best to its own Assembly or Convention.
V.
That the Power and Duty of the Congress shall extend to the Determining on War and Peace, to sending and receiving ambassadors, and entring into Alliances, the Settling all Disputes and Differences between Colony and Colony about Limits or any other cause if such should arise; and the Planting of new Colonies when proper.
VI.
No Colony shall engage in an offensive War with any Nation of Indians without the Consent of the Congress, who are first to consider the Justice and Necessity of such War.
A perpetual Alliance offensive and defensive, is to be entered into as soon as possible with the Six Nations; their Limits to be ascertained and secured to them; their Land not to be encroached on, nor any private or Colony Purchases made of them hereafter to be held good; nor any Contract for Lands to be made but between the Great Council of the Indians and the General Congress. The Boundaries and Lands of all the other Indians shall also be ascertained and secured to them in the same manner; and Persons appointed to reside among them in proper Districts, who shall take care to prevent Injustice in the Trade with them, and be enabled at our general Expence by occasional small Supplies, to relieve their personal Wants and Distresses. And all Purchases from them shall be by the General Congress for the General Advantage and Benefit of the United Colonies.
No vessel of war shall be kept up in time of peace by any State, except such number only, as shall be deemed necessary by the United States in Congress assembled, for the defense of such State, or its trade; nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any State in time of peace, except such number only, as in the judgement of the United States in Congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts necessary for the defense of such State; but every State shall always keep up a well-regulated and disciplined militia, sufficiently armed and equipped, and shall provide and constantly have ready for use, in public stores, a due number of filed pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition and camp equipment.
No State shall engage in any war without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, unless such State be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being formed by some nation of Indians to invade such State, and the danger is so imminent as not to admit of a delay till the United States in Congress assembled can be consulted; nor shall any State grant commissions to any ships or vessels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of war by the United States in Congress assembled, and then only against the Kingdom or State and the subjects thereof, against which war has been so declared, and under such regulations as shall be established by the United States in Congress assembled, unless such State be infested by pirates, in which case vessels of war may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or until the United States in Congress assembled shall determine otherwise.
VII.
When land forces are raised by any State for the common defense, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each State respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such State shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which first made the appointment.
VIII.
All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defense or general welfare, and allowed by the United States in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several States in proportion to the value of all land within each State, granted or surveyed for any person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as the United States in Congress assembled, shall from time to time direct and appoint.
The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several States within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled.
IX.
The United States in Congress assembled shall also be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differences now subsisting or that hereafter may arise between two or more States concerning boundary, jurisdiction or any other causes whatever. No State shall be deprived of territory for the benefit of the United States.
The United States in Congress assembled shall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque or reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses necessary for the defense and welfare of the United States, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on the credit of the United States, nor appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels of war, to be built or purchased, or the number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander in chief of the army or navy, unless 70%of the States assent to the same: nor shall a question on any other point, except for adjourning from day to day be determined, unless by the votes of the majority of the United States in Congress assembled.
X.
The Congress of the United States shall have power to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place within the United States, so that no period of adjournment be for a longer duration than the space of six months, and shall publish the journal of their proceedings monthly, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances or military operations, as in their judgement require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the delegates of each State on any question shall be entered on the journal, when it is desired by any delegates of a State, or any of them, at his or their request shall be furnished with a transcript of the said journal, except such parts as are above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of the several States.
XI.
The Committee of the States, or any 70% of them, shall be authorized to execute, in the recess of Congress, such of the powers of Congress as the United States in Congress assembled, by the consent of 70% of the States, shall from time to time think expedient to vest them with; provided that no power be delegated to the said Committee, for the exercise of which, by the Articles of Confederation, the voice of 70% of the States in the Congress of the United States assembled be required.
XII.
All bills of credit emitted, monies borrowed, and debts contracted by, or under the authority of Congress, before the assembling of the United States, in pursuance of the present confederation, shall be deemed and considered as a charge against the United States, for payment and satisfaction whereof the said United States, and the public faith are hereby solemnly pleged.
XIII.
Every State shall abide by the determination of the United States in Congress assembled, on all questions which by this confederation are submitted to them. And the Articles of this Confederation shall be inviolably observed by every State, and the Union shall be perpetual; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of them; unless such alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the United States, and be afterwards confirmed by the legislatures of every State.
And Whereas it hath pleased the Great Governor of the World to incline the hearts of the legislatures we respectively represent in Congress, to approve of, and to authorize us to ratify the said Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union. Know Ye that we the undersigned delegates, by virtue of the power and authority to us given for that purpose, do by these presents, in the name and in behalf of our respective constituents, fully and entirely ratify and confirm each and every of the said Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union, and all and singular the matters and things therein contained: And we do further solemnly plight and engage the faith of our respective constituents, that they shall abide by the determinations of the United States in Congress assembled, on all questions, which by the said Confederation are submitted to them. And that the Articles thereof shall be inviolably observed by the States we respectively represent, and that the Union shall be perpetual.
In Witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands in Congress. Done at Philadelphia in the State of Pennsylvania on July 9th, 1778 and in the Third Year of the independence of America.
Agreed to by Continental Congress November 15th, 1777; In force after ratification by final state, Maryland, March 1st, 1781.
Presidents of the United Colonies of America
Name, State, Age, Term of Office, Previous Office, Previous Location
1 Peyton Randolph, Virginia, 53, September 5, 1774-October 22, 1774, Speaker, Va. House of Burgesses
2 Henry Middleton, South Carolina, 57, October 22, 1774-October 26, 1774, Speaker, S.C. Commons House of Assembly
3 Peyton Randolph, Virginia, 54, May 10, 1775-May 24, 1775, Speaker, Va. House of Burgesses
4 John Hancock, Massachusetts, 38, May 24, 1775-October 29, 1777, President, Mass. Provincial Congress
5 Henry Laurens, South Carolina, 53, November 1, 1777-December 9, 1778, President, S.C. Provincial Congress, Vice President, S.C.
6 John Jay, New York, 32, December 10, 1778-September 28, 1779, Chief Justice, N.Y. Supreme Court
7 Samuel Huntington, Connecticut, 48, September 28, 1779-July 10, 1781, Associate Judge, Conn. Superior Court
8 Thomas McKean, Delaware, 47, July 10, 1781-November 5, 1781, Chief Justice, Pa. Supreme Court
9 John Hanson, Maryland, 66, November 5, 1781-November 4, 1782, Member, Md. Senate
10 Elias Boudinot, New Jersey, 42, November 4, 1782-November 3, 1783, Commissary of Prisoners, Continental Army
11 Thomas Mifflin, Pennsylvania, 39, November 3, 1783-June 3, 1784, Quartermaster General, Continental Army Member, Board of War
12 Richard Henry Lee, Virginia, 52, November 30, 1784-November 4, 1785, Member, Va. House of Burgesses
13 John Hancock, Massachusetts, 48, November 23, 1785-June 5, 1786, Governor, Mass.
14 Nathaniel Gorham, Massachusetts, 48, June 6, 1786-November 3, 1786, Member, Board of War
15 Arthur St. Clair, Pennsylvania, 52, February 2, 1787-November 4, 1787, Major General, Continental Army
16 Cyrus Griffin, Virginia, 39, January 22, 1788-November 15, 1788, Judge, Va. Court of Appeals
Unconstitutional Presidents
17 Alexander Hamilton, New York, 31, November 3, 1788-March 2, 1789, NY Delegate, Constitutional Convention
18 George Washington, Virginia, 57, March 2, 1789-March 4, 1797, Commander-in-Chief, VA Continental Army…
61 Barack Hussein Obama II, 47, Illinois, ,January 20, 2008-Today, IL, US Senator from Illinois
Eric,
The justification used for creating the Constitution that we now have arises from the Declaration of Independence. There’s a part of the Declaration that says when a gov’t doesn’t work, then it’s the right and duty of the people to alter abolish that gov’t. That’s not an exact quote, but the the essence of what it said. It was that part of the Declaration that was invoked to justify trashing the Articles of Confederation in favor of the Constitution.
Hi Mark,
Yes, but that is flowery rhetoric – which is just the problem. Who are “the people”? Is it a handful of men who assumed the power to “represent” them without having obtained proxy power to do so?
The fact is the men who assembled to make alterations to the Articles had no authorization – not even the fig leaf of general proxy acquired without actually obtaining the specific consent of all the affected parties – i.e., a general vote of some sort – to simply replace the Articles with a new governing document of their own creation. But they went ahead and did it anyhow.
It was closed-door conspiracy – in the literal meaning of the word. It’s neither here nor there whether one agrees with the motives or the outcome. The fact remains that they did what they did on their own; “the people” had nothing to do with it.
More precisely, no say in it. The thing was presented as a fait accompli. Yes, it was “ratified” – after the fact – by some of the people. What about the other people – those who did not agree with it and did not wish to be bound by it? Ah well. So much for those people’s rights, eh?
These men who met in secret conclave were lawyers, it is important to note. And lawyers are very precise with words – or not, when it suits their purpose. Thus, it is not accidentally flowery language that words such as “the common good,” “necessary and proper” and “reasonable” were used. These words gave the Constitution (cue Palpatine Voice) unlimited power – at least, in principle.
And now, here we are. The Constitution has resulted in the creation of an essentially limitless government – or (per Spooner) was incompetent to prevent it.